Haley

The purpose of the lab was to see the rate of a chemical reaction can be increased by increasing the temperature of these reactants. The chemical reaction is the production of new materials that are chemically different from the starting materials. Evidence is seen order to determine if a chemical reaction has taken place is for some example, there is color change, precipitaiton, gas production, changes in temperature and changes in properties. My prediction was using hot water out of the tap, and the rate of reaction will be 3 times faster than at 0 degrees C. We have done 3 trials in the lab. In trial one, we tried with hot water. It was 70.4 degrees C and it took 20.4 seconds to melt Alka-Seltzer. The procedure said it will take less than 15 seconds but it was wrong. In trial two, we tried with room temperature water. It was 16.4 degrees C and it took 1 minute and 21 seconds to melt Alka-Seltzer. In trial three, we tried with ice water 2.3 degrees C and it took 3 minute and 6 seconds to melt Alka-Seltzer. The evidence that I saw was that it sizzled, it changed to orange color.

I learned in this experiment was that the higher the temperature, the faster the reaction occurs and the lower the temperature, the slower the reaction occurs.

= VIDEO LAB SUMMARY = The lab experiment we watched showed how hand warmer pads work. In the experiment they used a hand warmer pad, scissors, a beaker, thermometer, goggles. They explained that when the stuff inside the pad exposed to air then it starts the chemical reaction. The evidence that a chemical reaction was taking place was fast increasing temperature, about 150 degrees. This experiment takes place in everyday life when one uses a heat pad to warm hands. What we can see in this experiment in life is feel the rapid heat increase. This experiment showed that how air could make an exothermic reaction.

POPPLET SUMMARY
I've learned about Benzene. I was interested about atomic structure of benzene, because it seemed like a snow flake. I knew that benzene is formed by covalent bonds. Also, I knew that benzene is used in many ways than I expected.

**ESSAY QUESTIONS**

 * 1. Explain why the coolant in a car's radiator protects the engine from damage.**

The coolant in a car's radiator has lower freezing point so it protects engine from hot and cold, stop overheat of freezing.


 * 2. Describe how particles of table salt(an ionic compound) and sugar(a molecular compound) differ in the way they dissolve in water.**

First, sugar's solubility is lot higher than salt. Salt, which is an ionic compounds, the negative and positive ions each attracted to water molecules, and water molecules surrounds each ions as it leaves the surface of crystal. Sugar, which is molecular compounds, it breaks up into individual neutral molecules, so water molecules slightly goes into sugar compounds.


 * 3. Describe how you would separate the parts of a water-and-sand suspension as compared to how you would separate the parts of a water-and-sugar solution.**

It is same fact that we separate it. But sand don't dissolve in water at all, so we just need to filter it to separate the water and sand. Sugar it has solubility, so we separate by boiling of evaporating the water.

Hypothesis
 * I think liquids will dissolve better than solids.
 * Substance: || Solid/Liquid: || Soluble/Non-soluble ||
 * Salt || Solid || Soluble ||
 * Sugar || Solid || Soluble ||
 * Vinegar || Liquid || Soluble ||
 * Rubbing alcohol || Liquid || Soluble ||
 * Pepper || Solid || Non soluble ||
 * Powdered chalk || Solid || Non soluble ||
 * Baking soda || Solid || Soluble ||
 * Corn starch || Solid || Soluble ||
 * Vegetable oil || Liquid || Non soluble ||

Results For our experiment, we did 1 trial for each substances. We used one- quarter of water and 15ml each substances. I found that for solid substances, salt, sugar, baking soda, corn starch are soluble and pepper and powdered chalk are non soluble. Also I found that for liquids vinegar, rubbing alcohol are soluble and vegetable oil is non soluble. For solids, I looked the bottom of beaker to see if there are any substances to check if they dissolve. For liquids, I looked that if there are layers between solute and solvent. I was not sure about salt, sugar, rubbing alcohol if they were dissolved or not. I searched internet. Conclusion My hypothesis was incorrect. I thought liquids will dissolve better than solids, but neither solids nor liquids dissolve better, what matter is the material that consists substances. The water is polar.